Involvement of the subtha- lamic nucleus for the alleviation of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1 5 mg amlodipine visa blood pressure for women,2 discount 10mg amlodipine otc blood pressure medication effects on sperm,3 order amlodipine 5 mg on-line hypertension first line,6- lamic nucleus in glutamatergic compensatory mechanisms purchase amlodipine 5 mg visa arrhythmia quiz ecg. Eur tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced parkinsonism in the pri- J Neurosci 1999;11:2167–2170 order amlodipine 10mg visa blood pressure medication vertigo. Hemiparkin- kinsonism due to organophosphate pesticide intoxication: five sonism in monkeys after unilateral internal carotid artery infu- cases. Motor disturbance and brain functional imaging in 22. Thalamotomy for par- induced by high-frequency deep-brain stimulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA tions to sensorimotor cortex in the macaque monkey: use of 1983;80:4546–4550. Motor learning in activates the cortical motor system during alleviation of parkin- monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) with lesions in motor thalamus. Role of corticospinal motor projec- in southern Italy. Cerebral potentials related to voluntary actions: par- 51. Interconnec- messenger RNA in rat pallidum: comparison of the effects of tions and organization of pallidal and subthalamic nucleus neu- haloperidol, clozapine and combined haloperidol-scopolamine rons in the monkey. Activity of basal ganglia neurons during move- of thalamocortical activity after posteroventrolateral pallido- ment. Basal ganglia function and ments in basal ganglia disorders. Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol dysfunction revealed by PET activation studies. The effects of nanoli- tween movement and single cell discharge in the substantia nigra ter ejections of lidocaine into the pontomedullary reticular for- of the behaving monkey. Primate model of properties of identified output neurons of the rat substantia parkinsonism: selective lesion of nigrostriatal neurons by 1- nigra (pars compacta and pars reticulata): evidences for the exis- methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine produces an extra- tence of branched neurons. A single-cell study adult mouse: evidence of compensatory plasticity in nigrostriatal of the axonal projections arising from the posterior intralaminar neurons. An autoradiographic study of effer- glia-thalamocortical relations in normal and parkinsonian ent connections of the globus pallidus in Macaca mulatta. Anatomic and physio- ral activity in spatial rather than joint coordinates. Functional brain imaging of move- tomy and thalamotomy using individual variations of anatomic ment disorders. Pallidotomy increases in a retrograde double-labelling study. Building action repertoires: memory and learning methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6,-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Curr Opinion Neurobiol 1995;5: Neurosci Abstr 1985;11:1160. Abnormal influences of pas- matergic cells in the rat mesopontine tegmentum: light and sive limb movement on the activity of globus pallidus neurons electron microscopic anterograde tracing and immunohisto- in parkinsonian monkeys. J Neurol Neuro- tion and outcome following pallidotomy: support for multiple surg Psychiatry 1981;44:534–546. Subthalamotomy im- cally mapped body-part representations.
The research underpinning “health in all sectors” is purchase 10mg amlodipine with mastercard arrhythmia pvc, in the broad definition of this report buy 2.5 mg amlodipine with visa pulse pressure 82, research for universal health coverage discount amlodipine 10 mg overnight delivery pulse pressure readings. In many settings discount 2.5 mg amlodipine mastercard heart attack 2o13, Finally amlodipine 10 mg line blood pressure youth, there is an increasingly energetic research practice falls well short of the global debate about how to answer questions about ideal. But by defning the achievements, and not public health; this is a sign of a healthy research merely the defects, we shall be in a stronger posi- environment (53). One area of discussion con- tion to exploit the potential that research ofers. Victora and Any survey of the growing strengths in co-workers have argued that randomized con- research also exposes the residual weaknesses. By contrast, Banerjee and yet some prominent causes of illness among & Dufo have championed the use of randomized the elderly are poorly defned. In countries in the controlled trials rigorously to test ideas about Americas Region, for instance, there is a huge how to achieve higher coverage of interventions variation in reported death rates from Parkinson that depend on human behaviour (55, 56). Tis variation is more likely to be discussion points to a fundamental truth about explained by diagnostic and reporting inaccu- randomized controlled trials: a controlled exper- racies than by real diferences in death rates, iment yields rigorous results under the condi- but the truth about Parkinson disease will be tions of that experiment. However, whether the determined only by systematic investigation. In result applies beyond the experiment depends on general, data defning the frequency and health the nature of the system under investigation. In consequences of mental and nervous system dis- terms of consistency from one setting to another, orders are poor (57). Much better information is human biochemical pathways, for instance, are needed to determine how many people are at risk likely to be more consistent than some human of these disorders or are eligible for treatment, behaviours (see also Chapter 3). None of the rising indicators of research Te growth in research efort, addressing activity, in any setting, is a guarantee of inter- many diferent questions in a wide variety of ventions that will help to reach universal health settings, is bound to be uneven. However, universal coverage cannot be hundreds of published studies that focus on spe- achieved without technology, systems and ser- cifc diseases and conditions – across a range of vices, and research is the mechanism by which communicable and noncommunicable diseases the hardware and sofware are created. In contrast, there are relatively few studies that attempt to set research priorities, across all aspects of health, from the perspective Growing unevenly of national governments (Chapter 4) (62, 63). Tis is because few appraisals of research needs Research is on the rise, and the results are deliv- have been initiated by national governments, ering benefts for health worldwide. However, even though such appraisals are a vital part of the process of doing research – setting research planning for universal health coverage. Private- and public-sector investment in R&D, classifed as basic, applied and experimental development research, for six African countries ranked in ascending order of gross national income (left to right) R&D, research and development. Note: For defnitions of types of research, see Box 2. The four poorest countries focused on applied research. The two wealthi- est, Nigeria and South Africa, had a more balanced portfolio (35). Te 2010 African Innovation thumb, for every 10-fold increase in GNI per Outlook found that four lower-income countries person, the number of scientifc publications per focused on applied research, whereas two richer person increases by a factor of about 50 at best ones spread resources more evenly across basic, (Fig. Tis disproportionate applied and experimental studies (Fig. A increase also holds for other measures of research more systematic look at research in these coun- output such as the number of researchers and the tries might fnd that the balance is right, or that number of patents per head of population. Te point is that some questions These data also show that while some coun- about universal health coverage have answers that tries exploit the empirical maximum (lying are widely applicable (e. For this reason, are nations with small populations (< 20 mil- all nations need to become producers of research lion), who may choose not to invest in research, as well as consumers of it. Local expertise and but not all underinvestors are small nations.
APPENDIX 1 # Query Results S8 TI ( self-monitor* or selfmonitor* or self-report* or selfreport* ) OR AB ( self-monitor* or selfmonitor* 34 buy amlodipine 5mg lowest price heart attack party tribute to trey songz,036 or self-report* or selfreport* ) S7 TI ( self-manag* or selfmanag* ) OR AB ( self-manag* or selfmanag* ) 6324 S6 TI ( self-care* or selfcaring or selfcare* or selfcaring ) OR AB ( self-care* or selfcaring or selfcare* or 8332 selfcaring ) S5 (MH “Self Care”) 23 generic amlodipine 2.5 mg online hypertensive emergency,936 S4 S2 NOT S3 1589 S3 TI ( self-administer* N2 (questionnaire* or survey* or interview*) ) OR AB ( self-administer* N2 4926 (questionnaire* or survey* or interview*) ) S2 TI self-administer* OR AB self-administer* 6515 S1 (MH “Self Administration+”) 4246 The Cochrane Library (via Wiley Online Library) Date searched: 18 March 2015 generic amlodipine 2.5 mg line pulse pressure 55 mmhg. The same search strategy was used across all five databases: 1 buy amlodipine 10 mg low cost hypertension 3rd class medical. Search strategy #1 MeSH descriptor: [Self Administration] this term only (653) #2 self next administer*:ti amlodipine 2.5 mg overnight delivery arrhythmia diagnosis code,ab,kw (2287) #3 (self next administer* near/2 (questionnaire* or survey* or interview*)):ti,ab,kw (792) #4 #2 not #3 (1495) #5 MeSH descriptor: [Self Care] this term only (2833) #6 (self next care* or selfcaring or selfcare* or selfcaring):ti,ab,kw (4256) #7 (self next manag* or selfmanag*):ti,ab,kw (2420) 72 NIHR Journals Library www. This issue may be freely reproduced for the purposes of private research and study and extracts (or indeed, the full report) may be included in professional journals provided that 73 suitable acknowledgement is made and the reproduction is not associated with any form of advertising. Applications for commercial reproduction should be addressed to: NIHR Journals Library, National Institute for Health Research, Evaluation, Trials and Studies Coordinating Centre, Alpha House, University of Southampton Science Park, Southampton SO16 7NS, UK. APPENDIX 1 #32 ((telephon* or remote or phone) near/2 (follow* or support* or consult* or advice or advis* or intervention* or instruct* or assist* or educate or education or information or monitor*)):ti,ab,kw (2831) #33 MeSH descriptor: [Case Management] this term only (652) #34 (case next manag* or action next plan* or care next plan* or care next manag* or management next plan* or management next program* or care next program* or goal next setting or individual next goal*):ti,ab,kw (6445) #35 MeSH descriptor: [Patient Participation] this term only (890) #36 (involv* or participat* or collaborat*):ti,ab,kw (72,418) #37 MeSH descriptor: [Patient Education as Topic] this term only (6657) #38 patient next education:ti,ab,kw (8086) #39 (patient near/2 (educat* or advice or advis* or instruct* or train* or coach*)):ti,ab,kw (8784) #40 ((consumer next health or patient) next information):ti,ab,kw (553) #41 (nurse near/2 educator*):ti,ab,kw (73) #42 ((financial or monetary or money) near/2 (incentive* or competition* or contest* or lotter* or reward* or prize*)):ti,ab,kw (513) #43 (contingent next payment* or deposit next contract*):ti,ab,kw (17) #44 MeSH descriptor: [Decision Making] this term only (1692) #45 (decision* near/2 (shared or support* or aid or aids or making)):ti,ab,kw (7150) #46 (goal next set* or individual next goal*):ti,ab,kw (446) #47 MeSH descriptor: [Diet] explode all trees (12,385) #48 MeSH descriptor: [Exercise] explode all trees (14,181) #49 MeSH descriptor: [Motivational Interviewing] this term only (136) #50 MeSH descriptor: [Cognitive Therapy] this term only (5146) #51 (CBT or cognitive next therap* or cognitive next behav*):ti,ab,kw (9693) #52 MeSH descriptor: [Teaching Materials] this term only (383) #53 MeSH descriptor: [Pamphlets] this term only (623) #54 (educational next material* or leaflet* or booklet* or toolkit*):ti,ab,kw (1977) #55 MeSH descriptor: [Bibliotherapy] this term only (105) 74 NIHR Journals Library www. This issue may be freely reproduced for the purposes of private research and study and extracts (or indeed, the full report) may be included in professional journals provided that 75 suitable acknowledgement is made and the reproduction is not associated with any form of advertising. Applications for commercial reproduction should be addressed to: NIHR Journals Library, National Institute for Health Research, Evaluation, Trials and Studies Coordinating Centre, Alpha House, University of Southampton Science Park, Southampton SO16 7NS, UK. APPENDIX 1 #81 (parent* or mother* or father* or caregiver* or carer* or guardian* or advocate* or family):ti,ab,kw (40,218) #82 #76 or #77 or #78 or #79 or #80 or #81 (182,717) #83 MeSH descriptor: [Diabetes Mellitus] explode all trees (16,726) #84 MeSH descriptor: [Cystic Fibrosis] this term only (1102) #85 mucoviscidosis:ti,ab,kw (33) #86 MeSH descriptor: [Asthma] explode all trees (9404) #87 MeSH descriptor: [Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders] explode all trees (1865) #88 MeSH descriptor: [Hyperkinesis] this term only (168) #89 MeSH descriptor: [Anxiety] explode all trees (5226) #90 MeSH descriptor: [Depression] this term only (5541) #91 MeSH descriptor: [Depressive Disorder] this term only (4754) #92 MeSH descriptor: [Self Mutilation] this term only (25) #93 MeSH descriptor: [Self-Injurious Behavior] this term only (205) #94 MeSH descriptor: [Epilepsy] explode all trees (2311) #95 MeSH descriptor: [Conduct Disorder] explode all trees (179) #96 MeSH descriptor: [Mood Disorders] explode all trees (9310) #97 MeSH descriptor: [Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder] explode all trees (662) #98 MeSH descriptor: [Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic] this term only (972) #99 MeSH descriptor: [Psychotic Disorders] explode all trees (1562) #100 MeSH descriptor: [Eating Disorders] explode all trees (838) #101 MeSH descriptor: [Schizophrenia] explode all trees (4966) #102 MeSH descriptor: [Bipolar Disorder] explode all trees (1601) #103 MeSH descriptor: [Phobic Disorders] this term only (847) #104 MeSH descriptor: [Panic Disorder] this term only (758) #105 school next refusal:ti,ab,kw (14) 76 NIHR Journals Library www. This issue may be freely reproduced for the purposes of private research and study and extracts (or indeed, the full report) may be included in professional journals provided that 77 suitable acknowledgement is made and the reproduction is not associated with any form of advertising. Applications for commercial reproduction should be addressed to: NIHR Journals Library, National Institute for Health Research, Evaluation, Trials and Studies Coordinating Centre, Alpha House, University of Southampton Science Park, Southampton SO16 7NS, UK. APPENDIX 1 #131 ((patient* or inpatient* or in-patient*) next (cost* or stay*)):ti,ab,kw (772) #132 (number near/2 (nights or days)):ti,ab,kw (1889) #133 (primary next care next (visit* or contact* or attendance* or admission* or episode*)):ti,ab,kw (139) #134 (surgery next (visit* or contact* or attendance* or admission* or episode*)):ti,ab,kw (36) #135 (GP next (access or uptake or visit* or contact* or attendance* or admission* or episode*)):ti,ab,kw (65) #136 ((uptake or access) next (service* or care or intervention*)):ti,ab,kw (39) #137 ((clinic or surgery or hospital or “accident and emergency”) near/2 (work-flow or work next flow)): ti,ab,kw (2) #138 (consultation* near/2 (time or length)):ti,ab,kw (116) #139 (hospitalisation* or hospitalization* or rehospitalisation* or rehospitalization* or re-hospitalisation* or re-hospitalization*):ti,ab,kw (15,517) #140 (hrql or hrqol or “h qol” or h-qol or hql or hqol):ti,ab,kw (1887) #141 MeSH descriptor: [Quality-Adjusted Life Years] this term only (3773) #142 (qaly* or “quality adjusted life” or “quality of life” or “life quality”):ti,ab,kw (37,642) #143 {or #108-#142} (97,676) #144 #20 or #75 (169,797) #145 #144 and #82 and #107 and #143 (1739) #146 “Cool Kids”:ti,ab,kw (3) #147 “Sweet talk”:ti,ab,kw (2) #148 “Timid to Tiger”:ti,ab,kw (0) #149 “problem solving for life”:ti,ab,kw (2) #150 “Incredible Years”:ti,ab,kw (67) #151 “Triple P”:ti,ab,kw (77) #152 friends next program*:ti,ab,kw (12) #153 #146 or #147 or #148 or #149 or #150 or #151 or #152 (162) #154 #145 or #153 (1894) 78 NIHR Journals Library www. This issue may be freely reproduced for the purposes of private research and study and extracts (or indeed, the full report) may be included in professional journals provided that 79 suitable acknowledgement is made and the reproduction is not associated with any form of advertising. Applications for commercial reproduction should be addressed to: NIHR Journals Library, National Institute for Health Research, Evaluation, Trials and Studies Coordinating Centre, Alpha House, University of Southampton Science Park, Southampton SO16 7NS, UK. This issue may be freely reproduced for the purposes of private research and study and extracts (or indeed, the full report) may be included in professional journals provided that 81 suitable acknowledgement is made and the reproduction is not associated with any form of advertising. Applications for commercial reproduction should be addressed to: NIHR Journals Library, National Institute for Health Research, Evaluation, Trials and Studies Coordinating Centre, Alpha House, University of Southampton Science Park, Southampton SO16 7NS, UK. The IDEAS search interface is only suitable for one-word or phrase searching, so a number of small searches were conducted to identify potentially relevant records (e. The search results were cut and pasted into word documents to enable scanning. Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R) Date searched: 18 March 2015. Internet/ or Blogging/ or Social Media/ (52,994) 55. This issue may be freely reproduced for the purposes of private research and study and extracts (or indeed, the full report) may be included in professional journals provided that 83 suitable acknowledgement is made and the reproduction is not associated with any form of advertising. Applications for commercial reproduction should be addressed to: NIHR Journals Library, National Institute for Health Research, Evaluation, Trials and Studies Coordinating Centre, Alpha House, University of Southampton Science Park, Southampton SO16 7NS, UK. Cell Phones/ or Telephones/ or Text Messaging/ or Reminder Systems/ (16,546) 69. Self Mutilation/ or Self-Injurious Behavior/ (8004) 88.
Lipid profiles are characterized by identified in the lum inal m asses cheap 5mg amlodipine visa pulse pressure 43. B amlodipine 10mg otc blood pressure under 60, Electron m icroscopic findings increased plasm a levels of cholesterol buy generic amlodipine 5 mg online blood pressure vitamins, triglycerides cheap amlodipine 2.5 mg with mastercard heart attack x ray, and very low indicate the throm bi consist of finely granular m aterial with num er- density lipoproteins cheap amlodipine 5mg mastercard blood pressure levels of athletes. M ost patients have heterozygosity for ous vacuoles (lipoprotein). Lipoprotein glom erulopathy m ay apolipoprotein E2/3 or E2/4. A, The glom eruli are the sites of m as- progress to renal insufficiency over a long period of tim e. In older children and young adults, have occasionally enlarged and multinucleated visceral epithelial cells compared with young children, patients with cystinosis commonly (arrow). As the disease progresses, segmental sclerosis becomes evident exhibit glomerular involvement rather than tubulointerstitial disease. B, Crystalline inclusions are identified on Proteinuria and renal insufficiency are the typical initial manifestations. The crystals of cysteine are usually dissolved in A, As the most constant abnormality on light microscopy, glomeruli processing, leaving an empty space as shown here by the arrows. A B FIGURE 3-11 (see Color Plate) Finnish type of congenital nephrotic syndrom e. Som e glom eruli are sm all and infantile with- are responsible for nephrotic syndrom e within the first few out other alterations, whereas others are enlarged, m ore m ature, m onths to first year of life. The m ost com m on and im portant of and have diffuse m esangial hypercellularity. Because of the m as- these is known as congenital nephrotic syndrom e of Finnish type sive proteinuria, som e tubules are m icrocystically dilated, a find- because the initial descriptions em phasized the m ore com m on ing responsible for the older term for this disorder, m icrocystic occurrence in Finnish fam ilies. Because this syndrom e is prim arily a glom erulopathy, inherited disorder in which infants exhibit m assive proteinuria the tubular abnorm alities are a secondary process and should shortly after birth; typically, the placenta is enlarged. This disorder not be used to designate the nam e of the disease. B, O n electron can be diagnosed in utero; increased -fetoprotein levels in am ni- m icroscopy, com plete effacem ent of the foot processes of visceral otic fluid is a com m on feature. A, The m icroscopic appearance of epithelial cells is observed. Heredofamilial and Congenital Glomerular Disorders 3. Currently, no evi- dence exists that this disorder is an inherited process with genetic linkage. The glom eruli characteristically are sm all com pact m ass- es of extracellular m atrix with num erous or all capillary lum ina being obliterated. As here, the visceral epithelial cells typically are arranged as a corona or crown overlying the contracted capillary tufts. Earlier stages of glom erular involvem ent are characterized by variable increase in m esangial cellularity. Im m unofluorescence is typically negative for im m unoglobulin deposits because this disorder is not im m une m ediated. Thus, close observation or bilateral nephrecto- Diffuse m esangial sclerosis.
Behavioral out- graphic responses to alcohol challenge in Native American Mis- comes among children of alcoholics: during the early and middle sion Indians discount 2.5mg amlodipine overnight delivery arteria vesicalis superior. Genetic-environ- Chapter 98: Vulnerability Factors for Alcoholism 1409 mental interaction in the genesis of aggressivity and conduct to naloxone in sons of alcohol-dependent men buy amlodipine 5 mg overnight delivery blood pressure medication and ed. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol tary adrenal axis functioning and cerebrospinal fluid cortico- 1998;1:153–168 amlodipine 5mg online arteria y vena. What is inherited in the predisposition ics after recent and long term abstinence buy generic amlodipine 2.5mg online blood pressure 5 year old boy. Serotonin transporter gene and family history of alcoholism buy 10 mg amlodipine with amex arteria gallery. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1999; variants in alcohol-dependent subjects with dissocial personality 23:1185–1190. Association analysis of se- activity of hypothalamic neurons that express corticotropin-re- quence variants of the GABA(A), alpha6, beta2, and gamma2 leasing factor and vasopressin. P3 amplitude and response to alcohol in Native American Mis- 72. Absence of visual and auditory low risk for the future development of alcoholism. J Clin Invest P300 reduction in nondepressed male and female alcoholics. P3 in young boys cyclase activity in alcoholics and subtypes of alcoholics. Alcohol as a predictor of adolescent substance abuse. Eight-year longitudinal and family history for alcoholism on platelet adenylyl cyclase follow-up of P300 and clinical outcome in children from high- activity. Heritable fea- and monoamine oxidase in women with alcoholism or a family tures of the auditory oddball event-related potential: peaks, la- history of alcoholism. G-protein-cou- pled inwardly rectifying potassium channels are targets of alco- analysis of human event-related brain potentials: P3 voltage. Involvement of the allele in children at high risk for alcoholism. Biol Psychiatry cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein gene transcrip- 1998;43:40–51. Lifetime co-occur- Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1999;23:1425–1434. Decreased ethanol psychiatric disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch sensitivity and tolerance development in gamma-protein kinase Gen Psychiatry 1997;54:313–321. C null mutant mice is dependent on genetic background. Effects of alcohol on symptoms in alco- 1999;24:253–260. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) munity Psychiatry 1994;45:1229–1230. Familial alcoholism and in Wistar rats following ethanol exposure.
Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in Long-term clinical results of 2 different patients with diabetes mellitus type 2: results ablation strategies in patients with from a randomized study comparing paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation buy amlodipine 5mg on-line pulse pressure too close. A randomized controlled trial of the efficacy Circulation order amlodipine 5mg with mastercard blood pressure z score. Prophylactic cavotricuspid isthmus block vein isolation combined with superior vena during atrial fibrillation ablation in patients cava isolation for atrial fibrillation ablation: without atrial flutter: a randomised a prospective randomized study amlodipine 2.5 mg visa blood pressure chart for male and female. Randomized study of surgical isolation of Antiarrhythmics After Ablation of Atrial the pulmonary veins for correction of Fibrillation (5A Study) generic amlodipine 10 mg with visa arteria mesenterica. Chevalier P cheap 5mg amlodipine amex arteria jejunales, Leizorovicz A, Maureira P, et fibrillation (5A Study): six-month follow-up al. Left atrial posterior wall isolation does not Epicardial microwave ablation of permanent improve the outcome of circumferential atrial fibrillation during a coronary bypass pulmonary vein ablation for atrial and/or aortic valve operation: Prospective, fibrillation: a prospective randomized study. Mitral valve surgery plus concomitant of catheter ablation and surgical CryoMaze atrial fibrillation ablation is superior to procedure in patients with long-lasting mitral valve surgery alone with an intensive persistent atrial fibrillation and rheumatic rhythm control strategy. Eur J Cardiothorac heart disease: a randomized trial. Le Heuzey JY, De Ferrari GM, Radzik D, et randomized comparison of left atrial and al. A short-term, randomized, double-blind, biatrial radiofrequency ablation in the parallel-group study to evaluate the efficacy treatment of atrial fibrillation. Eur J and safety of dronedarone versus Cardiothorac Surg. J Circumferential pulmonary vein ablation Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. Circ Arrhythm vena cava in addition to pulmonary vein Electrophysiol. J Cardiovasc Comparison of antiarrhythmic drug therapy Electrophysiol. PMID: and radiofrequency catheter ablation in 19732237. J Improvements in symptoms and quality of Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. A prospective randomized multicenter Impact of rate versus rhythm control on comparison on health-related quality of life: quality of life in patients with persistent the value of add-on arrhythmia surgery in atrial fibrillation. Results from a prospective patients with paroxysmal, permanent or randomized study. Reduction of Atrial Fibrillation (STAR AF): Eur Heart J. PMID: a randomized, multicentre, international 12042011. Van Gelder IC, Hagens VE, Bosker HA, et PMID: 20215126. Results from the Rate Control Versus Randomized ablation strategies for the Electrical Cardioversion (RACE) Study. J treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation: Am Coll Cardiol. Boersma LV, Castella M, van Boven W, et death in patients with persistent atrial al. Atrial fibrillation catheter ablation versus fibrillation in the rate control versus surgical ablation treatment (FAST): a 2- electrical cardioversion (RACE) study. Hagens VE, Van Veldhuisen DJ, Kamp O, Pulmonary venous isolation versus et al.
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